4^th International Conference on Forensic Research & Technology September 28-30, 2015 Atlanta, USA

Sara Gale is a geophysical archaeologist working for Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. as the archaeology and forensic application specialist as well as providing technical training on the use of GPR for a variety of applications. She is a registered professional archaeologist with an M.A. from the University of Denver, who’s spent over a decade applying geophysical methods to archaeology. Sara has worked with the Georgia Bureau of Investigations to identify buried evidence and burials and she has also provided training to crime scene investigations at the Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science

Ground-penetrating RADAR (GPR) is a non-invasive geophysical method used to identify and map everything from rebar in concrete to artic glaciers. Since the early 1980s it’s also been used on crime scenes to find clandestine burials and buried evidence. This poster will provide an introduction to GPR in identifying clandestine burials as well as address some of the challenges in applying this technology in the field

Irina Perepechina is a Professor of Department of Criminalistics of Legal faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University. She has both Medical and Legal Education, PhD degree (1990) and Doctor of Medicine degree (2003) in Forensic Medicine (Genetic Identification). Her scientific interests focus on fo¬rensic DNA analysis, DNA evidence interpretation, DNA database, DNA phenotyping, forensic serology; legal aspects, theory and methodology of forensic science/medical law. She has more than 140 scientific publications and manuals. She is also a Member of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG), INGO in 1995-1999 also representative of Russian Federation in DNA WG of ENFSI. At the University she lectures forensic medicine, criminalistics, forensic genetics and forensic science

The precision of DNA identification with a certain locus set is typically measured with the frequency P of allele combination occurrence in a population. If the decision is made solely on the basis of DNA analysis results, it would always be the non-zero probability of justice failure due to mistaken identity. Therefore, for every case in hand we have to provide rationale for the critical value Pmax of identification precision which can be assessed as sufficient for the judgment. We employ the notion of the average utility from the decision theory to obtain the closed form expression Pmax=ln (1+x)/(V-1) where V is the estimate of the number of potential suspected persons and x=(a+b)/(c+d). Here ‘a’ is the utility gain when an offender is convicted, ‘b’ is the utility loss when an offender is acquitted, ‘с’ is the utility loss when an innocent is convicted by mistake; and ‘d’ is the utility gain when an innocent is acquitted. The value of ‘x’ reflects the adoption level by the society of justice failure in the considered case or a group of similar cases. The adoption level is a function of the society which needs to be elicited from a special poll. A possible question of the poll is the following decision problem: “Imagine you definitely know an innocent was convicted as a result of a justice mistake. You can secure an acquittal to this accused person but several convicted criminals (certainly guilty) will also be released from prison. How many criminals (1, 2, 5, 10 etc) would you release to save the innocent”? Then the maximum number ‘n’ of criminals released gives x=1/n. We provide examples of calculation of the critical frequency Pmax.

Dauda Cynthia Zainab has completed college and a Computer Science undergraduate in her final year at the University of Administration Economic and Journalism and her subject of interest is forensic DNA Analysis

Forensic DNA analysis criminalist Hary Klann, DNA technical leader; the objectives of forensic DNA testing is to link an individual to a crime scene/criminal act to exonerate suspects and to identify victim of mass disaster, Deoxyribonucleic acid which is commonly known as (DNA) was structured out as a double helix by a man called James D Watson in 1953. It is a molecule that contains instruction an organism needs to develop and also a carrier of genetic information. They allow our investigators access to technology that can help in excluding the innocent. There some number of sequence used to distinguish all human, this various sequence used for identity testing technique are DNA finger printing, DNA typing and DNA profiling. DNA profiling happen to be the most common and secured testing techniques because it deals with parentage testing and criminal investigation in relation to forensic DNA analysis. DNA due to discovery helps our ability to diagnose diseases early enough and it has vastly improve in assessment of a person genetic, this discovery of DNA was essentially led to awareness of drugs and treatments for patient with severe illness. Another source of DNA evidence are the urine, semen, blood, nasal secretion, virginal fluid and hair roots but the DNA evidence of urine has been dashed as a poor source due to lack of high level of contaminants preventing a successful analysis. For a quicker and exact DNA test analysis, the need of Applied Bio System 310 genetic Analyzer is very important which is a computerized machine used in getting appropriate DNA Analysis and the signal as converted into a “peak” by the computer software

Carlos M. A. Girelli is completing his Ph.D in Physics in the Federal University of Espirito Santo State, and he is also Bachelor in Law and Post Graduated in Public Safety. He is fingerprint expert and has worked for the last 11 years in the Identification Group of the Federal Police Department of Brazil in the Espirito Santo State

This work consists of testing and comparison of techniques to recovery fingerprints from brass cartridge cases. The tested techniques were powdering (regular powder dusting and magnetic powder application), cyanoacrylate fuming, fluorescent dying (basic yellow 40), gun blueing solutions and acidified hydrogen peroxide solutions. The tests were performed on brass discs subjected to three different temperatures (room temperature, 63 and 200°C), and on fired and unfired cartridge cases. All the samples were processed after three different periods of time (24 h, 7 and 14 days) after deposition. The best results for both fired and unfired cartridge cases were obtained by the sequential application of cyanoacrylate, gun blueing solution and basic yellow 40. Some stages of the firing process were isolated in order to identify their effects over the final amount and quality of the remaining latent fingermarks on cartridge cases. Good state fingermarks were developed on unfired cartridge cases cycled through the gun, showing that friction inside the gun without firing does not cause significant damage to the fingermarks. On the other hand, fired cartridge cases are significantly affected by the firing effects, exhibiting low quality ridge details which are mainly located next to base. An unexpected phenomenon was observed on most of the brass discs heated to 200°C and developed with gun blueing solutions; they presented a reverse development compared to the expected one, with darkening of the ridges instead of the background

Shivendra Jha is currently Additional Professor in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences University, Dharan, Nepal and has completed his M.D. at the age of 28 years from the same institution. He is also Assistant Dean (examination) at the same BPKIHS University, Dharan, Nepal from 8th March 2013 till now. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals

This retrospective study was aimed to investigate the trend/pattern of suicidal cases autopsied from April 2005 to April 2010 at B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Out of 1701 autopsied cases during that period, suicidal cases were 583 (34.2%). The autopsied case of suicide increased alarmingly from 29.5% in 2005 to 41.4% in 2010. Females (52.7%) slightly outnumbered males (47.3%) with 74% of victims of 11-40 year’s age range. Hindus were 88.2% and 71% of the total victims were married. Lesser cases of suicide occurred in winter months of January (5.8%) and December (7.2%). Majority of victims (82%) were found dead when brought to hospital. Suicidal note was absent in almost all of the cases (99%). Poisoning (61.6%) constituted the most common mode of suicide followed by hanging (33.6%). Burn was found to be more in females than male (3.5:1). Intervention by the treatment has a very little role to save the life of such person so the causes of poisoning which are principally sociological and psychological has to be taken care of. Some policy has to be made to control the easy availability of the poison in the society. Proper counseling of the population to counteract with the stressful situations has to be done and also proper opportunity for the population to employment has to be generated so that the poverty is overcome

Chika Hasegawa is an Assistant Professor of Department of Legal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine. She has both Ph.D. in medicine and LL.M. degree. Her current research interests include forensic toxicology, development of drug analysis, and medical ethics. She has published more than 40 research papers in international peer reviewed journals and attended various international conferences and seminars. She is a councilor member of Japanese Society of Legal Medicine and Japanese Society for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry. She is also a member of Japanese Association of Forensic Toxicology and Japanese Association of Criminology

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a sample clean-up and preconcentration technique that has been used widely to isolate target analytes from biological samples. Recent trends in SPE techniques focus on miniaturizing the process, reduction of sample and solvent consumption. In 2007, a new SPE device, the MonoTip C18 tip, was jointly developed by our group and GL Sciences (Tokyo, Japan) for the extraction of drugs and poisons from human body fluids. In this device, octadecylsilane modified monolithic silica gel is directly attached to the inner surfaces of the pipette tips. The procedure for drug extraction with the SPE tip is essentially the same as that for the conventional SPE (conditioning, sample loading, washings, drying, and elution) but differs in that all manipulations are carried out by aspirating and dispensing through a single pipette tip using a manual micropipettor. An advantage of using the SPE tips for sample preparation is that extraction is simpler and faster than with conventional SPE cartridges. Furthermore, the small bed volume and sorbent mass enables reduction of the sample and solvent volumes, cleaner extract, and higher throughput. This unique SPE methodology is very useful in combination with gas chromatograpy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to provide high simplicity, recovery, reproducibility, and sensitivity. Some successful data obtained by the SPE tips and GC/MS are presented for analyses of basic and acidic drugs in human blood samples.

Associate member of the National Academy of Dental Surgery, Free Member of the National Academy of Surgery, France

From Antiquity till nowadays, many actors worked in Forensic dentistry. In France, the first case was in 987 after Jesus Christ with the French king Hugues Capet’s Photofit. But Forensic dentistry became a real science in France, after 1897, with the fire of the Bazar of the Charité. The empress Sissi’s sister, the Duchess of Alençon, was charred. Three dentists worked and identified her and most of the victims. Oscar Amoedo y Valdes wrote the first book on that topic next year. In 2014, French forensic dentists identify victims in crimes, accidents, plane crashes, natural disasters, etc. Who are those famous actors? What is the history of Forensic dentistry in France? Here are some answers.