4^th International Conference on Forensic Research & Technology September 28-30, 2015 Atlanta, USA

Computational forensics (CF) is a quantitative approach to the methodology of the forensic sciences. It involves computer-based modeling, computer simulation, analysis, and recognition in studying and solving problems posed in various forensic disciplines. It includes various topics like Computational fluid dynamic modelling, Forensic facial approximation, superimposition and reconstruction in forensics, image processing techniques, eye colour predictive test, Computer forensic workflow management, Computer based analysis and validation studies, Counter forensics, Cyber forensics. Nearly 30 universities in USA deals with the subject cyber forensics. Target audience will be investigative member, las assistants, the number of people working in this field are more. Approximately 10 labs are dealing with cyber crimes in USA, other than this private investigators also working under this field.

Forensic accounting, forensic accountancy or financial forensics is the specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements that result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation. The topics that comes under this accounting are Regulations in forensic accounting, Statistical techniques for forensic accounting, Analysis of healthcare fraud which is used for the detection of fraud in health care companies, Fraud risk detection procedures in forensic accounting, Computerized accounting information system (cais). This industry provides services that apply accounting concepts and techniques to legal problems. Forensic accountants investigate and document financial fraud and white-collar crimes. The forensic accounting service market contains a high number of suppliers and the top four service provider’s account for less than 30.0% of total market revenue, indicating a low market share concentration

Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of anthropology and its several subfields, including Biological Anthropology(Physical) and Cultural Anthropology (Ethnology, Archeology, Linguistics),in a legal setting. Its main significance includes disaster victim identification, other applications like Novel application of anthropometry, X-ray fluorescence and chemometric analytical techniques in chemical anthropology, Virtual anthropology and forensic anthropology case reports. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projected a 19% growth in employment for anthropologists and archaeologists from 2012 to 2022. Many universities approximately 10 universities in USA works under forensic anthropology, but private investigators are there under this.

Forensic chemistry is the application of chemistry to law enforcement or the failure of products or processes. Many different analytical methods may be used to reveal what chemical changes occurred during an incident, and so help reconstruct the sequence of events. The wide techniques that come under forensic chemistry are Capillary electrophoresis in forensic chemistry, Applications of icp-ms in chemical analysis of forensic evidence, Laboratory automation in forensics, Case studies of drug profiling, Method development and applications of LC-MS/MS in forensic analysis which is used for the identification of the drug products. In 2012, the global forensic technologies market was valued at US$8.3 billion and is anticipated to reach a total market value of US$17.7 billion by the end of 2019, registering a growth rate of 12.4% CAGR. The number of crime laboratories in the U.S. performing forensic analyses grew from 300 in 1999 to an estimated 475 in 2013. Publicly funded forensic crime labs now spend in aggregate more than $1.6 billion per year

Forensic DNA profiling (also called DNA testing or DNA typing) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA. DNA profiles are a small set of DNA variations that are very likely to be different in all unrelated individuals. It is having good scope for the identification of the DNA of humans. It includes various methods like Novel methods of extraction of DNA from weathered and ancient bone fragments, Novel methods of purification of crime scene DNA analysis, the DNA identification techniques includes ABO typing and str testing for forensic DNA analysis, Forensic mitochondrial DNA data analysis, Forensic analysis using portable analyzers Efficient methods for recovery of high quality dna and RNA in forensic analysis. Reports forecasting that the industry to reach $804.0 million by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 13.9% between 2013 and 2018.

Forensic engineering is the investigation of materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not operate or function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property, bridge damage evaluations. It had a wider scope in the fields of Accident reconstruction, Human factoras assesment in structural failures. The new technologies developed under forensic engineering are chemical engineering investigation analysis, finger print silicone engineering, forensic evaluation using ultrasonic and radar echo techniques. BCC estimates that total sales of forensic products and services were nearly $10.1 billion in 2010 and that sales will grow at a 9.4% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) through 2016 to more than $17 billion.

Forensic geophysics is the study, the search, the localization and the mapping of buried objects or elements beneath the soil or the water, using geophysics tools for legal purposes. Forensic archaeology will also comes under this department in which archaeological methods are applied to forensic – crime scene – work. Various sub topics includes Analysis of heavy metals and heavy mineral compositions, applications of palaeontology for investigations, advanced techniques for soil forensic examinations, geochemical and isotopic tracers, seismology and nuclear tests

Forensic pathology is a sub-specialty of pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. The autopsy is performed by a medical examiner, usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions. This includes forensic autopsy- case studies, MRNA analysis of death investigations, forensic veterinary pathology (application of veterinary medicine to the forensic sciences), and implications in forensic pathology.

Forensic psychiatry is a sub-speciality of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. A forensic psychiatrist provides services – such as determination of competency to stand trial – to a court of law to facilitate the adjudicative process and provide treatment like medications and psychotherapy to criminals. This topic has the wide scope which includes criminal behaviour, criminological studies, recent advancements and techniques in criminal psychology, case studies, and ethical issues in forensic psychology, personality disorders, and recent developments in forensic psychiatry. Around 15 universities are there particularly in North America

Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and other disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. It includes various identification techniques for drugs and toxic substances. It includes method development analysis and of cannbinoids, challenges in forensic toxicology, includes various analytical techniques like GC-MS. Many research labs and universities are present. Most of the techniques come under pharmacy techniques

Wildlife forensic science is science that is applied to legal questions involving wildlife. Involves wild life poisoning, advanced wild life forensic techniques, applications of DNA barcoding in wildlife forensics, animal crime investigation-case studies. Less research is going on under this title.

Forensic sociologists analyze evidence and research to determine negligence in criminal or civil cases. They may visit a crime scene to study how evidence collected relates to the behaviour of a defendant. Universities are there under the topics, but only limited research is going on at present.

Vehicular accident reconstruction is the scientific process of investigating, analyzing, and drawing conclusions about the causes and events during a vehicle collision. Re constructionists are employed to conduct in-depth collision analysis and reconstruction to identify the collision causation and contributing factors in different types of collisions, including the role of the driver(s), vehicle(s), roadway and the environment

Forensic dentistry is the application of dental knowledge to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. Forensic dentists are involved in assisting investigative agencies to identify recovered human remains in addition to the identification of whole or fragmented bodies; forensic dentists may also be asked to assist in determining age, race, occupation, previous dental history and socioeconomic status of unidentified human beings. Forensic odontology has a wider scope. In USA around 6 universities are having this branch, but the targeted audience will be less than compared with research labs and university members. Market analysis is telling that by 2016 it will grow by $2.5 million.

Forensic nursing practice is "application of nursing science to public or legal proceedings." Forensic nurses investigate real and potential causes of morbidity and mortality in a variety of settings. Forensic nursing responsibilities range from collecting evidence from perpetrators and survivors of violent crime to testifying in court as a fact witness (someone who saw a situation firsthand) or an expert witness (someone who offers an opinion of a particular situation). Forensic nurses understand evidence collection, such as forensic photography, for subsequent legal and civil proceedings and are the "bridge between the criminal justice system and the health care system." Skills of the forensic nurse include but are not limited to: observation, documentation, and preservation of evidence, all critical in determining the legal outcome of violent crimes. The largest subspecialty of forensic nursing is sexual assault, closely followed by death investigation, forensic psychiatric nursing and medical-legal consulting

Forensic entomology is the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal matters. It also involves the application of the study of arthropods, including insects, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes, and crustaceans to criminal or legal cases. it involves the study of case reports and protocols of forensic entomology